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__NOTOC__ Neck rings or neck-rings are any form of stiff jewellery worn as an ornament around the neck of an individual, as opposed to a loose necklace. Many cultures and periods have made neck rings, with both males and females wearing them at various times. Of the two most notable types the first is the torc, an often heavy and valuable ornament normally open at the throat. These were worn by various early cultures but are especially associated with the ancient Celts of the European Iron Age, where they were evidently a key indicator of wealth and status, mostly worn by men. The other type is one or more spiral metal coils of many turns, often worn only by women. In a few African and Asian cultures neck rings are worn usually to create the appearance that the neck has been stretched. Padaung (Kayan Lahwi) women of the Kayan people begin to wear neck coils from as young as age two. The length of the coil is gradually increased to as much as twenty turns. The weight of the coils will eventually place sufficient pressure on the clavicles to cause them to deform and create an impression of a longer neck. 〔"(Bound by tradition )", ''New Mandala''.〕〔(Padaung ) ''National Geographic'' film〕 The custom of wearing neck rings is related to an ideal of beauty: an elongated neck. Neck rings push the collarbone and ribs down.〔(Burmese women in Thai 'human zoo' ). BBC News. (January 2008)〕 The neck stretching is mostly illusory: the weight of the rings twists the collarbone and eventually the upper ribs at an angle 45 degrees lower than what is natural, causing the illusion of an elongated neck. The vertebrae do not elongate, though the space between them may increase as the intervertebral discs absorb liquid. The South Ndebele peoples of Africa also wear neck rings as part of their traditional dress and as a sign of wealth and status. Only married women are allowed to wear the rings, called ''dzilla''. Metal rings are also worn on different parts of the body, not just the neck.〔(Vuk'uzenzele, November 2007 )〕 The rings are usually made of copper or brass. The rings are not harmful to remove, although women who have worn them for long periods of time may experience some initial discomfort.〔 ==Tourism== Tourism is often considered to encourage the use of neck rings in Asia, as they are a popular attraction for tourists.〔 Small girls in Asia may wear brass collars from the age of two to five years old, as it is more comfortable to deform the collarbone and upper ribs slowly. The alternative, an accelerated process at around the age of twelve, when girls first begin to compete for the attention of boys, is painful. Marco Polo first described the practice to Western culture in c.1300. Refugee practitioners in Thailand were first accessible to tourists in 1984. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「neck ring」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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